Yu Sun Park. Dr. Murphy. Lab Section 4. Discovery Of Dna

Yu Sun Park Dr. Murphy Lab section 4 Discovery of DNA double helix: Related to both Scientific and Humane Aspects DNA, the molecule of life that carries genetic information in humans and almost all other organisms, has been considered as one of the greatest discoveries until now. If DNA could not have been discovered, we would not be able to do or test numerous things such as paternity test and pathological confirmation. There are four main scientists who contributed their lives, knowledge, and ambitions to find out the DNA double helix, a DNA molecule that has two strands winding around each other: James Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and Rosalind Franklin. Throughout historical backgrounds and environments, their discovery of†¦show more content†¦In 1952, Linus Pauling, who was eager to know the shape of DNA, had published a paper about his proposal of a triple-helical structure for DNA (Watson 54). Following Pauling, Watson and Crick also worked on the triple-helical model, but according to the X-ray data, the theory for the triple-helical structure, where phosphates form th e helical core with the bases pointing outwards, was failed to show the correct structure of DNA (Watson 54). It was Franklin’s diffraction photograph â€Å"Photo 51† that finally showed the helical structure of DNA to Watson and Crick. The photo that had been crystallized under moist conditions shows a fuzzy X in the middle of the molecule with a helical structure. She also found out that DNA exists in two different forms, A and B. A is drier crystal in that contain 20 percent water, whereas B is less ordered and fully hydrated (NOVA). However, the mistake that Franklin made was that she thought X-rays were the only way to find the structure of DNA (Watson 69). She thought making models of DNA and playing with them were not that efficient and were a waste of time (Watson 69). In addition, she also thought the method of Watson and Crick using light beam to take a picture of DNA and calculating the lines was ineffective because she thought calculations take too long (NOVA). Also, in â€Å"Photo 51,† Franklin did not notice about the helical structure and how the nitrogeno us bases are paired (Elkin 44). If she thought of different methods

Similarities Between Common Sense And The Declaration Of...

Three main documents that have directly and indirectly affected the American Revolution are The Declaration of Independence (July 1776), Thomas Paine’s â€Å"Common Sense† (January 1776), and John Locke’s â€Å"Second Treatise of Government† (1689). All of these documents are related to one another in the fact that they paved the way for the future of America and led to the amazing country we live in today. To start off, there are many similarities in regards to The Declaration of Independence and â€Å"Common Sense†. We can see these documents agree with one another because one has influenced the other. Thomas Paine’s writing was months before the Declaration of Independence and it is safe to say that the Declaration was influenced and written in†¦show more content†¦This is the same argument that Paine makes when he explains that the ruling of England is flawed because the King of England’s â€Å"speech, if at may be called one, is nothing better than wilful audacious libel against the truth, the common good, and the existence of mankind; and is formal and pompous method of offering up human sacrifices to the pride of tyrants† (Paine 58). As we can see, both authors argue that the King of England is a tyrant; this is one of the many reasons that the colonies must unite and break away from England. These two historical documents argue the same things in mostly the same way, with slight differences. These differences arise in the different audience and length of the documents. The declaration is a very short document that serves as a quick reading to inform England that they are no longer under England’s rule, while â€Å"Common Sense† serves to unite the people of the colonies and enable them to write the declaration. With the length of Paine’s writing, he is able to touch upon many more topics and go into further detail than the declaration, yet they both serve a similar purpose to break away from the British rule. Paine is able to go into detail about why having a king is wrong and why hereditary ruling does not make for a sensible way of passing on the thrown. He even goes into depth and makes a suggestion as to how they can form aShow MoreRelatedCommon Sense Vs. Declaration Of Independence957 Words   |  4 PagesCommon Sense v. Declaration of Independ ence Common Sense written by Thomas Paine in January of 1776, enlightened its readers and ignited the colonists towards the American Revolution. Common Sense was the first document that established a suggestion towards a constitutional form of government. The foundation of the main points in Common Sense were the upbringing of the Declaration of Independence. The Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson in July of 1776 approximately 7 monthsRead MoreSimilarities Between The Declaration Of Independence And The Declaration Of Independence948 Words   |  4 Pageswithstood the test of time and have become statement pieces for our society. In this group, the Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson and Common Sense by Thomas Paine both hold high positions. Thomas Paine wrote â€Å"The Crisis†, which was a chapter in his pamphlet Common Sense, which advocated that the thirteen original colonies gain independence from Great Britain. The Declaration of Independ ence was a government document written in 1776 that proclaims America a state of democracy not connectedRead MoreThe s Belief That All Men1295 Words   |  6 PagesPaine was available for the public ten months and two days before Common Sense. Despite the difference in publishing dates these two written works provide numerous similarities. For example, On African Slavery is addressed â€Å"To Americans:† (Paine 1) and Common Sense is similarly â€Å"Addressed to the Inhabitants of America† (1). Furthermore, both written works address Paine’s belief that all men are â€Å"originally equals† (71). In Common Sense, Paine uses this belief to discuss hereditary succession and monarchyRead MoreThomas Paine Common Sense Analysis1052 Words   |  5 PagesThe birth of a nation does not happen overnight nor with one word. One can clearly see how words and ideas have an impact on people’s thoughts and writing by examining â€Å"The Declaration of Independ ence† and Thomas Paine’s â€Å"Common Sense.† Basically, the two documents echo principles stated in John Locke’s â€Å"Second Treatise of Government,† and share a style of expressing their feelings on national issues; the authors examine and give reasons for colonial problems with the government and offer a solutionRead MoreCommon Sense By Thomas Paine992 Words   |  4 Pagestoday. Common Sense by Thomas Paine was inspiring to many American colonists as it was persuasive in showing how the colonists should have their own independence. Paine appealed the average citizen’s rationale, hence the title Common Sense. Paine’s pamphlet illustrates the importance of independence, and argues that colonial life under British rule was detrimental to America’s potential to become prosperous. In a fairly lengthy, but readable style, Paine discusses the differences between democraciesRead MoreCommon Sense And The Declaration Of Independen ce1517 Words   |  7 PagesCommon Sense and the Declaration of Independence are two very important documents in American history. Written by Thomas Paine, although not an official document, promotes thoughts that the citizens understood and needed, but did not know how to express their actions and ideas. The Declaration states the necessary reasons for independence in the colonies as well as the importance that their are equal rights. The Declaration announced to the world as a unanimous decision that the thirteen coloniesRead MoreFrench Revolution vs American Revolution1534 Words   |  7 Pagescolonial uprising against an imperial power, which was considered an independence movement. The French Revolution involved citizens rising up against their own country’s leadership and against their own political and economic system, and in that sense was more of a revolution then the American Revolution† ( Armstrong 230). The outcomes were different because the Americans en ded British rule by creating the Declaration of Independence which was a great way to solidify society. The French commoners didRead MoreEssay on Treason in the Eye of the Beholder1184 Words   |  5 PagesThere is a fine line between treason and revolution, however when the two come up it very likely that the individual that is being of accused of either can go from one or the other in the blink of an eye. During the late 1700’s America was going through some of the most difficult times of its history. The struggle with Britain was becoming harder and those within the colonies were unsure what direction they wanted to take the colonies. Thomas Paine however knew exactly what direction he felt theRead MoreIn 1619, The First Group Of African Slaves Was Brought1675 Words   |  7 Pageseach other’s causes and shared common logic. Margaret Fuller was a very prominent feminist writer of her time, being recognized by other famous feminists like Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton as a force to be reckoned with. Even though she was famous for being a feminist, she also supported the abolitionist movement and often borrowed from and sympathized with them. In her work, The Great Lawsuit, Margaret Fuller very successfully drew a common sympathy between slaves and women. â€Å"It is notRead MoreSummarize and compare and contrast the English Bill of Rights, the Cahier of the 3rd Estate and Common Sense.1484 Words   |  6 Pagesof the Third Estate of the City of Paris and Common Sense were all written during a time of revolution in their respective countries. Although all three political writings originated in a different country, they each share several important similarities. Each document also addressed specific issues, which the others did not. The English Bill of Rights, the Cahier of the Third Estate of the City of Paris and Common Sense all served as a bridge between their countries different forms of political

Romanticism and Neoclassical Free Essays

ROMANTICISM AND NEO-CLASSICAL Romanticism a word that makes one think that it is a piece of art that shows love, a man and a woman. But it is not quite that, romanticism can mean freedom, rebellion, it could symbol intuition, emotion, the individual, and truth. It refers to art work that states feelings, moods, and dominates. We will write a custom essay sample on Romanticism and Neoclassical or any similar topic only for you Order Now An individual expression of experiences which cannot and could not be evaluated or assessed in purely rational or materialistic terms. Romanticism was one of the most unique ism that would most certainly be remembered most. Romanticism started during the time of Neo-Classicism, many disliked the view that Neo-Classicism and so they began a new style. Romanticism valued human emotions, instincts, over rational, rule based approach to questions of value and meaning in the arts, society, and politics. Romanticism can be charactized by formal stylization; the compositional is simplification, and a preference for graphic techniques and expanses of color. Another thing that also inspired the art movement was the attitude towards the landscape. However romanticism wasn’t accepted until 1830. The intention for Romanticism was to create a new world to enter the wreckage of the old; the time for innovation, experiment, new social systems and Utopias, new concepts and morality. A romantic was one who had broken loose from the rigid controls of the past and felt free to move ahead. Romantic artists explored specific values of individuality which Neo-Classicism ignored; the values of intuition, instinct, and even the more in accessible aspects of feelings which reach and exceed the boundaries beyond of reason. There were four non art history facts that were either influenced or affected the art movement were; the American and French Revolutions, the restoration between the Greeks and Turks, and the Age of the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment had a negative effect on the romantics; they attacked the Church. The two artists that are quite interesting to learn about from this period are Eugene Delacroix and Theodore Gericault. They might not be Michelangelo or Paul Klee or any other big shot artist but they are still artists, artists that have done beautiful work and some most incredible art pieces. Eugene Delacroix, born on April 26, 1791, in the month of the Taurus, in Paris suburb called Charenton-Saint-Maurice. He was presumed to be premature, but some expect that his real father was Charles Maurice de Talleyrand, instead of Charles-Francois Delacroix. However Delacroix turned a blind ear to them for he believed that Charles-Francois was his true father. He showed an exceptional talent for music, for the cathedral; who had been a friend of Mozart, Delacroix learnt how to play the piano, violin, and the guitar. He was only nine or ten when according to his friend critic Theophite Silvestre, when he went to Louvre. When he was seven his father died, his mother packed up everything and took Delacroix and Henriette and left to live in Paris. His two older brothers were away at war. He was taught by Pierre-Narcisse Guerin and also by Theodore Gericault at Lycee Louis-le-Grand. However he was not on good terms with Theodore; who was seven years his senior to Eugene. Eugene had turned a deaf ear to Gericault’s injunction from the first time he meet him. He felt an instinctive affinity to Theodore’s ideas. It wasn’t until 10 years later after they met that Gericault died at age 32. His art piece Bark of Dante was debt to Theodore Gericault; who he met. Everywhere in his art one can see in the exploitation of the dramatic potential in the waterscape, or in the use of diagonals to convey the sense of struggle and movement in the form of the figures. The bold emphasis on their musculature is incredible. However the theme is and was a thoroughly respectable one. It was free of anything that might rile official dom. After it had been exhibited at the Salon, the French government paid 2,000 francs for it. In his later years he became called â€Å"a volcanic crater artistically concealed behind bouquets of flowers† or even sometimes called The Great Romantic. He could be a lover of women and a work fanatic, an adept at social trivia and a man of wider ranging erudition not only mastery of esthetics but an impressive grasp of music, theater, and literature. His first foreign journey was to England, where he learnt how to ride on horses, which would come in handy for the Moroccan desert. Where he went mostly for politic reasons and not only was it for art it was also to escape the civilization of Paris. He produced over 100 sketches and paintings of the people, their costumes or just the landscape. He demonically turned out more than 850 paintings, thousands of sketches, watercolors, and drawings of art. In his lifetime he produced more than 20 works that were inspired by Shakespeare. He continued to make art till he died; for he was trying to reconcile opposites to see art as a whole. For part of Eugene’s genius laid in his capacity to learn from others. He died in 1863 in Paris, France. One of his artwork titled Orphan Girl at Cemetery which was worked and finished between 1823-1824. Delacroix used oil on canvas with this art. It shows a girl with hair pilled on her head and she is looking to sky. In the background you can just see the church and some crosses. There is a sense of sadness and loneliness in her eyes and her look. Theodore Gericault was born in 1791 into a bourgeois family in Rouen. Gericault moved to Paris as a boy. He has been fascinated by all aspects of equestrian such as races, jumping and riding schools. He was also overwhelmingly attracted by the clashes between individuals; he investigated their various forms in journeys which in England led him to observe the human deluxe. Theodore was educated in the tradition of English sporting art by the Carle Vernet, and even by Pierre-Narcisse Guerin, who disliked his temperament but saw a talent in him. He then left and learnt at the Louvre for six years when he realized that he preferred the vitality over the prevailing school of Neo-Classicism. He exhibited his Wounded Cuirassier at the Salon in 1814 and also his first major work The Charging Chasseur at the Salon in 1812. Gericault was a merry, gregarious man whose tastes as a bon vivant did not preclude a deep-seated sympathy for the under dog. He went to Florence, Rome, and Naples in 1816-1817, mostly to escape a romantic entanglement with his aunt. Gericault became fascinated by Michelangelo; which helped inspire his art piece the Race of the Barberi Horses. After he went back to France in 1821 he painted a series of portraits of his friend Dr. Etienne-Jean Georget’s patients; each containing a different diagnosis. Theodore drew his subjects from the crudest parts of reality; he visited slaughter houses, morgues, asylums, delving into the morbid events reported in newspapers, observing the devastating corporeal strength of animals. Some of his artworks consist of horses, lions, and tigers. Gericault was also one of the first artist to take up the newly invented process of lithography, producing a serveing of 13 pickes illustrating the life of the English poor. He was in the process of painting new artworks, when his health stroked a final note. Theodore was always riding for his among his passions was horses. He owned them, painted them, and even tamed them. His fatal illness grew on to a riding trip which injured his spine and caused him to waste. He died after a slow period of suffering, in Paris 1834 at the age of 3 Art History: Neoclassicism: (1750 – 1830) The term Neoclassicism refers to the classical revival in European art, architecture, and interior design that lasted from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth century. This period gave rebirth to the art of ancient Rome and Greece and the Renaissance as an opposition to the ostentatious Baroque and Rococo art that preceded the movement. Although the movement spread throughout Western Europe, France and England were the countries that used the style most frequently in their arts and architecture, using the classical elements to express ideas of nationalism, courage, and sacrifice. The movement was inspired by the discovery of ancient Italian artifacts at the ruins of Herculaneum and Pompeii. Also influential in the development was the cultural studies of German art historian Johann J. Winckelmann who claimed that the most important elements of classical art were â€Å"noble simplicity and calm grandeur. † Neoclassicism emphasized rationality and the resurgence of tradition. Neoclassical artists incorporated classical styles and subjects, including columns, pediments, friezes, and other ornamental schemes in their work. They were inspired by the work of Homer and Plutarch and John Flaxmann’s illustrations for the Illiad and Odyssey. Other classic models included Virgil, Raphael, and Poussin among others. Neoclassical painters took extra care to depict the costumes, settings, and details of classical subject matter with as much accuracy as possible. Much of the subject matter was derived from classical history and mythology. The movement emphasized line quality over color, light, and atmosphere. The height of Neoclassicism was displayed in the paintings of Jacques-Louis David and Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres. How to cite Romanticism and Neoclassical, Papers